What does malware refer to?

Malware refers to malicious software specifically designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems. This type of software can take various forms, including viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, spyware, and more. The defining characteristic of malware is that it is installed on a device without the consent or knowledge of the user, often exploiting vulnerabilities to infiltrate systems. This highlights the threat malware poses, as it can lead to data theft, system damage, and loss of user privacy.

In contrast, protective software is intended to defend against such threats but does not fall under the category of malware. Similarly, software used for data analysis and system optimization tools serve functional purposes to enhance productivity or performance, rather than being malicious in nature. Therefore, the identification of malware as malicious software installed without consent is crucial for understanding cybersecurity risks and the importance of protective measures in digital environments.