What does syntax refer to in programming?

In programming, syntax refers to the formal structure for a statement, which dictates how code should be written in a specific programming language. This includes the rules for how statements are constructed, including the proper punctuation, keywords, and formatting that must be adhered to for the code to be correctly interpreted by the compiler or interpreter.

Each programming language has its own set of syntax rules that must be followed. When a programmer writes code, using the correct syntax ensures that the instructions are clear and that the program can execute as intended. Gaps or errors in syntax can lead to compilation errors or runtime problems, preventing the code from functioning as expected.

Therefore, the correct understanding of syntax as the formal structure emphasizes the importance of precise language rules in programming, distinguishing it from informal or visual elements and the actual behavior of the code.